MINING stands among the most gruelling and perilous professions worldwide. Driven by the need to earn a livelihood, miners often face extreme risks, enduring conditions that challenge both their physical strength and mental resilience. These workers labour deep beneath the earth to extract coal and minerals, facing life-threatening dangers daily. In Pakistan, regions such as Balochistan, Sindh, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Gilgit-Baltistan and Punjab are hubs of mining activity, yet the grim realities faced by the workers in this sector remain deeply troubling. The very nature of mining work is fraught with danger. Miners must navigate narrow shafts, endure exposure to toxic fumes and operate heavy machinery in dimly lit, poorly ventilated conditions. The threat of mine collapses looms constantly, claiming lives when tunnels cave in and bury workers under massive layers of rock and earth. Those who survive such incidents often sustain debilitating injuries that leave them unable to work. Despite these hardships, miners receive low wages and are offered minimal safety protections. Their contributions to industries that generate substantial profits for mine owners are rarely acknowledged.
The root causes of mining accidents are manifold. Poor infrastructure, inadequate ventilation systems, lack of safety equipment and insufficient training are persistent issues. Methane gas build-up, improper handling of explosives and negligent maintenance further exacerbate the dangers. In many cases, the indifference of mine owners and contractors plays a critical role, as safety protocols are often disregarded in favour of profit. Ensuring the safety of miners requires a robust and enforceable framework. Governments must establish and implement strict safety regulations, complemented by regular inspections of mining sites. Miners should be equipped with modern protective including helmets, respirators and reinforced clothing, to safeguard them from toxic gases and potential accidents. Comprehensive training programs are essential to familiarize workers with safety measures and emergency response procedures. Additionally, setting up medical facilities near mining sites and devising effective evacuation plans can significantly reduce fatalities during accidents.
The compensation framework for miners who lose their lives remains inadequate across Pakistan. In Balochistan, where much of the mining activity is concentrated, compensation laws exist but are poorly enforced. Families of deceased miners typically receive payments ranging from PKR 500,000 to 1,000,000—an amount that barely addresses the financial strain of losing a primary breadwinner. Similar challenges exist in Sindh, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Punjab, where families are often left to negotiate with mine owners for support. These compensation packages need to be reassessed to provide more substantial and long-term financial stability for the affected families. Mining activities in Pakistan are particularly intensive in Balochistan, which is rich in coal, gold, copper and other minerals, attracting both local and international investors. However, safety standards in the province’s mines remain alarmingly low. Methane gas explosions and tunnel collapses occur frequently, and the lack of medical infrastructure near mining sites aggravates the situation. In Sindh’s coal mines and Punjab’s salt mines, workers face similar perils, including long hours and insufficient protective equipment. Meanwhile, in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, miners extracting marble and gemstones contend with hazardous dust and unstable working conditions in rugged terrains.
Islamic teachings add profound significance to the struggles of miners. Islam values earning a livelihood through honest, hard work. The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) stated, “No one eats better food than that which he eats out of the work of his hand” (Bukhari). Despite the dangerous conditions, miners embody this ideal as they labour tirelessly to support their families and communities. Employers, too, bear a moral responsibility in Islam to ensure the well-being of their workers. The Prophet (peace be upon him) emphasized this, saying, “Pay the worker his wages before his sweat dries” (Ibn Majah), highlighting the importance of fair and timely compensation. The economic disparity between mine owners and workers is stark. While owners and contractors accumulate substantial wealth from mining activities, the labourers who bear the brunt of the risks often lack access to basic necessities like clean drinking water, healthcare and education for their children. This inequity perpetuates cycles of poverty and exploitation, leaving workers and their families trapped in a cycle of hardship. Addressing the challenges faced by miners demands a multifaceted approach. Governments must strictly enforce safety standards, ensuring that miners are provided with protective gear and access to emergency medical care. Compensation packages for injured or deceased miners must be restructured to adequately reflect the sacrifices of workers and support their families. Mine owners and contractors must also be held accountable for providing humane working conditions and equitable profit-sharing with their labourers.
In addition to structural reforms, societal recognition of miners’ contributions is vital. These individuals form the backbone of industries that drive national development, yet their efforts often go unnoticed. Their struggles spotlight broader labour rights and economic inequality issues, underscoring the need for collective action to foster a more equitable society. The Quran affirms the dignity of labour, declaring, “And that there is not for man except that [good] for which he strives” (Surah An-Najm, 53:39). Miners exemplify this verse through their tireless endeavours to provide for their families, despite the dangers they face.
The resilience and dedication of miners in Pakistan serve as a testament to the human spirit’s ability to endure adversity. Their sacrifices compel us to address their challenges and uphold principles of fairness, safety and dignity, as advocated by both Islamic teachings and universal principles of justice. By taking these steps, we can build a future where miners’ contributions are respected, their lives are protected and their sacrifices are truly valued.
—The writer is contributing columnist, based in Islamabad.
(ememiqbal68@gmail.com)
