National Drought Monitoring Centre (NDMC) of Meteorological Department has issued a concerning advisory warning of a potential flash drought due to ongoing heat wave. Flash droughts, characterised by low rainfall and abnormally high temperatures over a short period, can develop rapidly and deplete soil moisture. Despite slightly above-normal rainfall earlier in the year, the below-normal rainfall and extreme temperatures of May have increased the likelihood of a flash drought, particularly in southern Pakistan. The advisory highlights urgent need to prepare for these conditions, as May and June are typically the hottest months with frequent heat waves.
Flash droughts can have a significant impact on agriculture, water resources and ecosystems. They often lead to crop failures, wildfires and water shortages. Agriculture, being heavily dependent on consistent water supply, is particularly vulnerable. Crop failures can result from rapid depletion of soil moisture, directly affecting food security and livelihoods of farmers. The increased likelihood of wildfires due to dry conditions poses additional risks to both natural ecosystems and human settlements. Already an increase of eighty nine percent in forest fires has been reported in Punjab as compared to last year. The frequent outbreaks of fires on Margalla hills remain a significant concern. Furthermore, water shortages can strain already limited water resources, affecting drinking water supplies and hydropower generation. Our country is already severely affected by climate change. The country experiences extreme weather events, from devastating flash floods to severe droughts.
Flash droughts now pose a new and serious challenge. To address this issue effectively, the government must develop comprehensive short, medium and long-term plans. One crucial step is accelerating the construction of water reservoirs that are currently underway, as well as initiating the construction of new ones. These reservoirs are essential for capturing and storing water during rainy seasons, which will also help mitigate flooding. In addition, improved irrigation efficiency is vital.
Modern irrigation techniques, such as drip and sprinkler systems, can significantly reduce water wastage and ensure that water is used more effectively. Promoting the use of drought-resistant crops that require less water and are more resilient to high temperatures is another important strategy. Research and development in this area can provide farmers with better tools to withstand drought conditions. Soil management practices also play a key role in mitigating the impacts of drought. Techniques like mulching and conservation tillage help retain soil moisture, making it available to crops for a longer period.
Enhancing early warning systems is essential to provide timely information to farmers, allowing them to take necessary precautions to protect their crops. Dealing with climate change requires a holistic approach. Wealthier nations must come forward in a significant manner to support countries like Pakistan in mitigating its effects and enhancing adaptability. International cooperation is crucial for developing infrastructure, technology transfer and providing financial aid.
This support can help bolster Pakistan’s resilience against climate-related challenges, ensuring that country is better prepared to face both floods and droughts. The COP-29 conference, to be held later this year in Azerbaijan, must result in concrete commitments from wealthier nations. It is time to act beyond words and translate promises into tangible actions to protect the planet for future generations.
